Loksewa Computer Operator Syllabus

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1. Computer Fundamentals

1.1 Computers, Kinds of Computers in respect of size and function,

1.2 Generation of Computers,

1.3 Components and Architecture of Computers, Connecting the Components,

1.4 Getting started: Orientation to personal computers, The system unit, Starting the computers

1.5 Input Devices: The keyboard, The mouse, Other input devices

1.6 Processing: CPU, Memory

1.7 Storages devices: Overview of Storage Devices, The Floppy Disk Drive, The Hard Drive, The Universal Serial Bus(USB) Devices and Other Storage Devices

1.8 Output devices: Monitors, Printers, Modems, Soundboards

1.9 Dos survival guide: Using Command Prompt, Creating and using AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS

1.10 Windows survival guide: The Windows Desktop, The Program Manager, Organizing the Desktop, The File Manager

1.11 Application software: Using Application Software

1.12 Windows Explorer, E-mails, Internet, Intranet, Extranets, Ethernet, HTTP

1.13 Computer Viruses, Antivirus

2. Data Structure and Algorithms

2.1 Fundamental of Data Structures, Abstract Data types,

2.2 Lists, Linked Lists, Stacks,

2.3 Queues, Priority Queue,

2.4 Trees: Traversal, Implementations, Binary Trees, Binary Search Trees, Balanced Search Trees, AVL Trees.

2.5 Indexing Methods. Hashing Trees, Suffix Trees

2.6 Worst-Case and Expected time Complexity.

2.7 Analysis of Simple Recursive and Nonrecursive Algorithms.

2.8 Searching, Merging and Sorting.

2.9 Introductory Notions of algorithm design: Divide-and-Conquer, Dynamic Programming, Greedy Methods, Backtracking

2.10 Graph algorithms: Depth-first Search and Breadth-first Search, Shortest Path Problems, Minimum Spanning Trees, Directed Acyclic Graphs.

3. System Analysis and Design

3.1 Defining the System, System Owner, System User, System Designers and system Builders, System Analysts, Variations on the System Analyst title, System life Cycle,

3.2 Joint Application Development (JAD): JAD definition, JAD purpose, JAD Philosophy, JAD Scope,

3.3 Involved in a JAD: Sponsor, Business Users, System Analyst

3.4 Roles of JAD Group Member: Project Leader, Record Keeper, Time Keeper.

3.5 Concept formations: Introduction, Finding the Problem, Evaluating the Proposal, Technical Feasibility, Operational Feasibility, Economic Feasibility.

3.6 Requirements analysis: Representing System Analysis Model, Requirement Model, Design Model,

3.7 Development Process: Design Method.

3.8 Entity Relationship Diagram (E-R Diagram): Notations, Entities: Strong Entities, Weak Entities, Attributes: Simple and Composite, Single Valued and Multiple Valued, Null and Derived Attribute.

3.9 Relationship Sets: Degree of Relationship and Cardinality Relationship,

Specialization, Generalization, Aggregation.

3.10 Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs): Introductions, Data flow Diagram, Symbol, Files or data store, External entities, Data flows,

3.11 Describing System by Data Flow Diagram: Context diagram, Top level DFD, Expansion Level DFD, Conversions of Data.

3.12 Object Modeling: Object -Oriented Concept, Object Structure, Object Feature, Class and Object.

3.13 Representation: Association and Composition, Inheritance, Multiple Inheritances.

3.14 Modeling: Use Case Diagram, State Diagram, Event Flow Diagram.

3.15 Documentation: Automatic and Manual System.

4. Operating Systems

4.1 Define an Operating System, Trace the Developments in Operating Systems, Identify the functions of Operating Systems,

4.2 Describe the basic components of the Operating Systems, Understand Information Storage and Management Systems,

4.3 List Disk Allocation and Scheduling Methods, Identify the Basic Memory Management strategies, List the Virtual Memory Management Techniques, Define a Process and list the features of the Process Management System

4.4 Identify the Features of Process Scheduling; List the features of Inter-Process Communication and Deadlocks,

4.5 Identify the Concepts of Parallel and Distributed Processing, Identify Security Threats to Operating Systems

4.6 Overview of the MS-DOS Operating System

4.7 Introduction to the Windows Family of Products, Unix Family of Products, Linux Family of Products.

4.8 Introduction to Windows Networking

4.9 Windows Architecture, Linux Architecture

4.10 Troubleshooting Windows, & Linux

4.11 Managing Network Printing

4.12 Managing Hard Disks and Partitions

4.13 Monitoring and Troubleshooting Windows

4.14 Users, Groups and Permission Linux and Windows.

5. Database Management System and Design

5.1 Introduction, A Database Model, Relational Database Model, Integrity, RDBMS.

5.2 SQL and Embedded SQL

5.3 Writing Basic SQL SELECT Statements

5.4 Restricting and Sorting data

5.5 Single Row Functions

5.6 Displaying Data from Multiple Tables

5.7 Aggregation Data Using Group Functions

5.8 Sub Queries, Manipulating Data and Creating &Managing Tables

5.9 Creating Views and Controlling User Access

5.10 Using Set Operators, Datetime Function

5.11 Database Design: Logical Design, Conceptual Design, Mapping Conceptual to Logical, Pragmatic issues, Physical Design, Integrity and Correctness, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus.

5.12 Normalization: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF,5NF, DKNF

5.13 Architecture of DBMS: Client-server, Open Architectures, Transaction Processing, Multi-User & Concurrency, and Backup & Recovery Database.

5.14 Basic Concept of major RDBMS products: Oracle, Sybase, DB2, SQL Server and other Databases.

6. Programming Language

6.1 Overview of Programming Language: History, Programming Paradigms, The role of Language translates in the Programming Process.

6.2 Fundamental Issues in Language Design.

6.3 Virtual Machines, Code Generation, Loop Optimization.

6.4 Concept of Procedural Programming, Structural Programming, Object-Oriented Programming.

6.5 Concept of C programming, C++ Programming,

6.6 Java Programming for Declaration, Modularity and Storage Management Software Development.

7. Networking

7.1 Basic Network Theory: Network Definition, Network Models, Connectivity, Network Addressing.

7.2 Network Connectivity: The Data Package, Establishing a Connection, Reliable Delivery, Network Connectivity, Noise Control, Building Codes, Connection Devices.

7.3 Advanced Network Theory: The OSI model, Ethernet, Network Resources, Token ring, FDDI, Wireless Networking.

7.4 Common Network Protocols: Families of Protocols, NetBEUI, Bridge and Switches, The TCP/IP Protocol, Building TCP/IP Network, The TCP/IP Suite

7.5 TCP/IP Services: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, DNS Name Resolution, NetBIOS support, SNMP, TCP/IP Utilities, FTP

7.6 Network LAN Infrastructure: LAN Protocols on a Network, IP Routing, IP Routing Tables, Router Discovery Protocols, Data Movement in a Routed Network, Virtual LANs(VLANS)

7.7 Network WAN Infrastructure: The WAN Environment, Wan Transmission

Technologies, Wan Connectivity Devices, Voice Over Data Services

7.8 Remote Networking: Remote Networking, Remote Access protocols, VPN

Technologies.

7.9 Computer Security: Computer Virus, Worm, Trojan Horse.

7.10 Network Security: Introduction, Virus Protection, Local Security, Network Access, Internet Security.

7.11 Disaster Recovery: The need for Disaster Recovery, Disaster Recovery plan, Data backup, Fault Tolerance.

7.12 Advanced Data Storage Techniques: Enterprise Data Storage, Clustering, Network Attached Storage, Storage Area Networks.

7.13 Network Troubleshooting: Using Systematic Approach to Troubleshooting.

7.14 Network Support Tools: Utilities, The Network Baseline.

7.15 Network Access Points (NAP), Common Network Component, Common Peripheral

Ports.

8. Computer Architecture & Organization

8.1 Evaluation of Computers, Design Methodology, Set Architecture, MIPS ISA, ALU Design.

8.2 Datapath Design: Single and Multiple Cycle Implementations, Pipelining, Memory Hierarchy, Input/Output System: Bus & Role of Operating System.

9. Complier Design

9.1 Introduction to Compiling,

9.2 Logical Analysis, Syntax Analysis, Semantic Analysis,

9.3 Run Time environment,

9.4 Intermediate Code Generation, Code Optimization,

9.5 Compiler Generation Tools.

10. E-Commerce Technology

10.1 Introduction to E-Commerce.

10.2 Electronic Commerce Strategies.

10.3 Electronic Commerce Security Issues.

10.4 Success Models of E-Governance.

10.5 E-Business: b2b, b2c, b2e, c2c, g2g, g2c.

10.6 Principles of Electronic Payment, Strategies & Systems.

10.7 E-marketing, Reverse Engineering.

10.8 E-Banking, EDI Methods, SWIFT.

10.9 Encryption and Decryption Methods, XML, Layout Managers, Event Model.

11. MIS and Web Engineering

11.1 Information Systems, Client-Server Computing.

11.2 Information Systems and Decision Making.

11.3 Database Design issues, Data Mining, Data Warehousing

11.4 Knowledge Management, The strategic use of Information Technology.

11.5 Work Process Redesign (Reengineering) with Information Technology, Enterprise Resources Planning Systems, Information Systems Security, Information Privacy, and Global Information Technology issues.

11.6 Software Supported Demonstrations including advanced Spreadsheet topics, Software Component Based Systems (CBSE),

11.7 Multimedia

11.8 object oriented programming with COMS & DECOMS

11.9 Group Decision Support Systems

11.10 Basics of Website Design

12. IT in Nepal

12.1 History of IT in Nepal

12.2 IT Policy of Nepal 2057B.S

12.3 Cyber law of Nepal(Electronics Transaction Ordinance 2061 B.S

12.4 Copyright Act,2022 B.S

12.5 Uses of Computers and Software Development

12.6 Nepali Unicodes,Nepali fonts

12.7 licensing Issue

j:t'ut ax'pQ/ gd"gf k|Zgx? (Sample questions)

1) SCANDISK analyze and repairs damage to which of the following

A. Physical clusters B. FAT C. Lost Clusters D. All of the above

Correct Ans. (D)

2) DOS makes which of the special batch file named

A. AUTOEXCE.BAT B. AUTOEXE.BAT

C. AUTOEXEC.BAT D. AUTOEXC.BAT

Correct Ans. (C)

3) The two parts of the CPU are

A. Control unit and memory B. Addresses and ALU

C. Addresses and Registers D. Control Unit and ALU

Correct Ans. (D)

4) Operating is a ............

A. System Software B. Application Software

C. Presentation Software D. Database Software

Correct Ans. (A)

5) Which key is used to work with non-adjacent cells in excel?

A. Shift key B. Ctrl key C. Alt key D.Tab Key

Correct Ans. (B)

6) The database element that represents a correspondence between the various data element is

A. Data B. Information C. Constraints D. Schema

Correct Ans. (D)

7) Currently the most popular database model is

A. Hierarchical B. Object-Oriented C. Relational D. Deductive

Correct Ans. (B)

8) When we download anything from the internet which protocol works:

A. TCP/IP B. FTP C. HTTP D. ARP

Correct Ans. (C)

9) What e-commerce category is the largest in terms of revenue? A. Business to Business (B2B) B. Intra-Business (B2E)

C. Business to Consumer (B2C) D. Consumer to Consumer (C2C)

Correct Ans. (A)

10) How is data transferred in serial communications?

A. 10 bits at a time. B. 1 bit at a time.

C. 1 byte at a time. D. 6 bits at a time

Correct Ans. (B)

11) With respect to the interface network card, what does the term 10/100 refer to?

A. Protocol speed. B. A fiber network

C. Megabits per second. D. Minimum and maximum server speed

Correct Ans. (A)

12) A workstation has just been installed on the Ethernet LAN but cannot communicate with the network. What should you do first?

A. Reinstall the network protocols.

B. Reinstall the network interface card driver.

C. Verify the IP configuration on the workstation.

D. Verify the link status on the computer's network card.

Correct Ans. (C)

13) To represent an entity in a model which of the following conventions are used A. Soft box with any dimension

B. Singular, unique entity name C. Entity Name in uppercase

D. All of the Above.

Correct Ans. (D)

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14) SQL statement used to A. Data Retrieve

B. Data manipulate

C. Data control D. All of the above.

Correct Ans. (D)

ljifout gd"gf k|Zgx? (Sample questions)

5) Consider the following schema:

Suppliers (sid:interger, sname:srting, address: string)

Parts(pid: integer, pname: string, color: string)

Catalog (sid: integer, pid:integer, cost: real)

The key fields are underline, and the domain of each field is listed after the field name. Thus sid is the key for suppliers, pid is the key for parts, and sid and pid together form the key Catalog. The catalog relation list the prices charged for parts by suppliers. Write the following queries in relational algebra, SQL

• Find the Name of the suppliers who supply red part.

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a. Relational algebra

Πsname(Πsid((Πpid σcolor=’red’ Parts ) ∞ Catalog) ∞ Suppliers)

b. SQL

SELECT S.sname

FROM Suppliers S, Parts P, Catalog C

WHERE P.color=’red’ AND C.pid=P.pid AND C.sid=S.sid

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1. Get IP address from given computers which are Network.

a. Give privileged share only database administration.

b. Determine if the following address are on local or remote network.

Node 1: 192.255.16.8

Node2: 192.225.14.8

Mask: 255.255.255.0

2. Create tables Student, Teacher, Course is SQL . Student (Sid, Sname, subject, level) Teacher (Tid, Tname, subject,)